Unfortunately, despite a few hundred readers visiting Birth a Miracle Services every day, there has been a lack of response to the offer for an online childbirth class. Because I have limitd time to devote to spreading the word about it, I have decided to postpone the series. I do hope to reschedule it for the late Spring or Summer. If you are interested, please let me know!
Circumcision not for modern Christians
February 10, 2012In previous posts I have written about the pros and cons of circumcision, my personal experience of circumcising one son and not the other in Different but the Same, and a news article about a guy who wanted to outlaw circumcision in Intactivism at its Worst (which was followed by a heated debate, by the way). Today I want to refer you to these posts and include a bit more information, specifically for those who believe that circumcision is expected of Christians.
Until I dove head over heels into the world of birth, I subscribed to the belief that as a Christian I was expected to circumcise any sons I might have in the future. I knew the Bible spoke of circumcision as a sign of faith, and that he provided a safe time-frame to do it in (vitamin k levels peak in the newborn on the eighth day of life, the same day which is traditional for Old Testament circumcision). I assumed that this act was the Christian thing to do. That is, until I did a little more research for myself, hence my second, uncircumcised son.
Circumcision was the sign God demanded of those who were committed to following Him; those who had faith in Him. It was an essential characteristic of the Old Covenant. Yet the world changed when Jesus died on the cross and fulfilled the covenant, creating a new. Now, while it can still be a symbol of one’s faith in Jesus, it is no longer necessary because the new sign of the covenant is a spiritual one. Read these New Testament verses to help you understand what the New Covenant was all about.
For circumcision indeed is of value if you obey the law, but if you break the law, your circumcision becomes uncircumcision. So if a man who is uncircumcised keeps the precepts of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision? Then he who is physically uncircumcised but keeps the law will condemn you who have the written code and circumcision but break the law. For no one is a Jew who is merely one outwardly, nor is circumcision outward and physical. But a Jew is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the letter. His praise is not from man but from God. ~ Romans 2:25-29
Is this blessing [faith being counted as righteousness] then only for the circumcised, or also for the uncircumcised? We say that faith was counted to Abraham as righteousness. How then was it counted to him? Was it before or after he had been circumcised? He received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised. The purpose was to make him the father of all who believe without being circumcised, so that righteousness would be counted to them as well, and to make him the father of the circumcised who are not merely circumcised by who also walk in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised. ~ Romans 4:9-12
Only let each person lead the life that the Lord has assigned to him, and to which God has called him. This is my rule in all the churches. Was anyone at the time of his call already circumcised? Let him not seek to remove the marks of circumcision. Was anyone at the time of his call uncircumcised? Let him not seek circumcision. For neither circumcision counts for anything nor uncircumcision, but keeping the commandments of God. Each one should remain in the condition to which he was called. ~ 1 Corinthians 7:17-20
It is those who want to make a good showing in the flesh who would force you to be circumcised, and only in order that they may not be persecuted for the cross of Christ. For even those who are circumcised do not themselves keep the law, but they desire to have you circumcised that they may boast in your flesh. But far be it from me to boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world. For neither circumcision counts for anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creation. And as for all who walk by this rule, peace and mercy be upon them, and upon the Israel of God. ~ Galatians 6:12-16
See to it that no one takes you captive by philosophy and empty deceit, according to human tradition, according to the elemental spirits of the world, and not according to Christ. For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily, and you have been filled in him, who is the head of all rule and authority. In him also you were circumcised with a circumcision made without hands, by putting off the body of flesh, by the circumcision of Christ, having been buried with him in baptism, in which you were also raised with him through faith in the powerful working of God, who raised him from the dead. And you, who were dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, God made alive together with him, having forgiven us all our trespasses, by canceling the record of debt that stood against us with its legal demands. This he set aside, nailing it to the cross. He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in him. ~ Colossians 2:8-15
While a much more in-depth study of these verses would provide additional context and meaning to the symbolism of circumcision, it seems fairly clear to me that it is no longer an essential part of the Christian faith.
Cliff notes in my Reformation Study Bible by R.C. Sproul, under the Romans 2 verses, read
Jews have transgressed the Mosaic law in particular, emptying circumcision of its real significance. Paul recognizes the privilege of Jewishness and of circumcision in particular. But physical circumcision is a symbol of sanctification and renewal of life. The reality, not the sign, is the vital thing and may be possessed irrespective of Jewishness. The work of the Spirit, issuing in a God-centered life, not the possession of “circumcision” and the “written code”, makes one a member of God’s covenant people.
Where do I stand on circumcision?
- I have nothing against circumcision itself, and support those of my clients who wish to have their sons circumcised
- My personal beliefs about circumcision have changed and I don’t plan on circumcising any sons I may have in the future, but I will NEVER stoop to the level that parents should be imprisoned for it, as those involved in the California bill linked above recommended
- There are risks to both circumcision and not circumcising. I have personally known men who had botched circumcisions and men who required circumcisions at a late age because of complications due to their uncircumcision
- There are benefits to both (see above links to learn more)
- I believe in the intelligence of people, the love of parents to do what is right for their sons, and that they can make the right decision regarding circumcision for their own family if they seek to inform themselves (which involves reevaluating assumptions and long-held beliefs)
Where do you stand on circumcision? Do you have a religious reason for or against the procedure? What is your experience?
my birthing statue
February 3, 2012I am now 32 weeks pregnant with my fourth baby and beginning to feel that the reality of birth is just around the corner. We just had Christmas after all, and now it’s closing in on February! Eight weeks (give or take a couple) will pass by like nothing and I’ll soon be giving birth.
The trick is figuring out how I can best prepare mentally and emotionally for birth, since as a doula I am quite familiar with the content of most pregnancy books. Pam England’s Birthing From Within has become my reference for baby number four, giving me a way to look within and see myself giving birth, something every mother must do no matter how many times she gives birth.
One “assignment” given to readers by Pam is to use clay to create a symbol of birth; something the woman may want to bring with her to her birthing space to remind her of her strength. As a mother of three, playdoh was the best thing I had on hand, and I created this sculpture.
She is my birthing woman. She is strong, she is beautiful. She is oblivious to the world around her, and she has the power within her to give birth and catch her own child. This is how I have envisioned myself giving birth.
To be honest, this is how I have envisioned myself giving birth since before I gave birth the first time. It seems like my method of birthing is to go into this laborland trance which requires a passive, comfortable-ish position to rest in while I relax and breathe through contractions. But I want to feel more powerful this time. I want to give myself the courage and strength to stand up and birth this baby.
Not that my other birthings were not as good. I am very proud of myself for the work I did and the way I gave birth because the way I did it was right for me each time. But I still want to feel more powerful, so this woman appeared out of the playdoh to inspire me. I will hold her while I labor, watch her, and she will remind me of what lies within myself. I can do this. I will do this.
Online childbirth class series now available for just $6!
January 27, 2012Naomi has been a birth doula for nearly ten years, teaching childbirth preparation classes periodically for as long, and blogging about birth for four years. She and her husband have three children and one on the way. Now, for the first time, she is offering a six-part online childbirth class for just $6 a person!
Each class will be held through the blog with a post by Naomi, focusing on important issues women and their partners should work through in preparation for their birth. Each post will also include a thought-provoking assignment to be worked on in your own time, and comments will be open to all attendees to encourage conversation between parents and instructor, where questions can be answered, and concerns and ideas shared. Additional resources will be recommended, including websites, books, and movies.
Class lessons assume attendees have a basic understanding of the physiology of birth, as described in any pregnancy and birth book for parents. Topics to be covered include normal birth, easier birth, healthy pregnancy, birth plans, imagery and visualization, vbac, alternative birth, empowered birth with complications, postpartum recovery for mom and baby, tricks from care providers for variations of normal birth, and lessons from my past clients, plus more!
All lessons will be posted as “private”, so only those who sign up will be able to attend each class. To sign up through PayPal, email me Naomi at kilbrethfamily@yahoo.com! You will then receive a PayPal invoice, along with an email notifying you of what to expect through the series.
The deadline for signing up is February 24th, with classes following on the 27th, 29th, and March 2nd, 5th, 7th, and 9th, so share the class button below, invite your friends, and jump in! Hope to see you there!
Tips for Planning a Good Cesarean
January 21, 2012Are you planning a cesarean birth, but unsure what to expect, or if it will be a satisfying, memorable experience? You can trust your doctor to take care of everything and hope for the best, or you can take steps to help ensure a good cesarean birth.
1. Know what you want. Read about cesareans, talk to moms who have had them, and write down your preferences.
2. Keeping your list of preferences in mind, interview doctors from different hospitals in your area until you find one who is experienced, has low rates of cesarean complications, supports your wishes wholeheartedly, and who gives you good vibes (they are important!).
3. Hire a birth doula. That is, one who has experience attending cesareans. This will be especially helpful if you can get permission to bring her with you into the O.R., but even if you can’t, a doula can support you prenatally in finding information and resources, give you emotional support before, during, and after birth, offer assistance with communicating yourself to the staff, take pictures or video, stay with the baby until you can be kept together (if you are separated) after birth, and assist with initial breastfeeding. They are known for increasing both mothers’ and fathers’ satisfaction of the birth experience.
4. Hire a postpartum doula. Or at least a female relative who can offer true help postpartum – dishes, laundry, childcare, meals, arrends… things you should not be doing much of, if any, soon after birth if you want to avoid unnecessary pain and risk of post-surgery complications.
5. Unless medically necessary, avoid scheduling your cesarean prior to 39 weeks to avoid prematurity. Babies like to be born on their own timeline, and many like to wait until after their due date, to help with the last bit of lung development they need. Giving them until at least 39 weeks makes their transition to life outside the womb so much easier, and reduces their risk of long term breathing problems like asthma.
6. Consider waiting until contractions begin in earnest before going to the hospital for your scheduled cesarean. Benefits of this option include nearly eliminating the risk of prematurity, a potentially lower risk of surgical hemorrhage, and an increased chance for successful breastfeeding.
7. Pack something in your bag to keep you busy. You will be asked to come in a while before the surgery is planned to ensure time to set up the O.R., get you prepped, and fill out all the paperwork. Sometimes though, an unplanned cesarean for a woman already in labor can bump back the time of a planned cesarean; another consideration you should be mentally prepared for. There can be a lot of waiting and anticipation involved!
8. Get rest before going to the hospital. This will probably be the hardest to do, because you’ll be full of mixed emotions that make sleep hard to reach – preparing to meet your new baby, and facing normal worries about the experience – but it is important to get rest so your recovery, and your initial bonding experience with baby will be more satisfying.
9. Plan to have your baby stay with you after birth. Because you are planning the cesarean you are more likely to get support from your care providers to do this. You may even be able to hold your baby skin-to-skin before you leave the O.R.! This contact with your baby will speed recovery for both you and your baby, create a more peaceful transition for both of you, and may make initial breastfeeding less of an anxious experience.
10. Know ahead of time what to expect from recovery. That way you can get prompt medical attention should anything veer from normal, and you will have a clear understanding of how to care for your body during the postpartum weeks and months.
If you have had a cesarean birth, feel free to share your thoughts! Can you think of additional steps a woman can take to have a good cesarean birth?
Are epidurals safe after acupuncture?
January 20, 2012During the last birth I attended, my client decided to get an epidural, but when the anesthesiologist discovered the acupuncture marks on her back from the treatment she had received the day before, he immediately backed off.
“I can’t give you an epidural,” he said. “We have no way of knowing whether the acupuncturist used sterile technique or not, and we could push bacteria into your spine, causing meningitis!”
Uh, what?! How many women have received acupuncture treatments to induce labor and then received epidurals after labor started? I assumed since acupuncture was not an uncommon practice that it would not be a problem (or we would have heard about it), but this doctor seemed to think it was since he had “never seen this before”. Now what?
After a couple phone calls to the acupuncturist’s office, and conversations with hospital staff, my client felt confident that an epidural was safe in this regard and chose to have one despite the anesthesiologist’s warning. She suffered no infection, and does not regret her decision, but I still wondered – is there an additional risk of infection with epidurals following acupunture?
I did a little research, and could only find two studies which might offer insight.
- A journal called Medical Acupuncture, in volume 17 #3, May 2006, reported a study called “Acupuncture for Prebirth Treatment” in which the benefits of acupuncture on pregnant women were considered. Among the results, epidurals were used 31% less frequently compared to women without acupuncture treatments. This tells me that 69% of the women who would have chosen an epidural still had one after recently receiving acupuncture. Meaning, women do get epidurals after acupuncture treatments.
- The American Society of Anesthesiologists, in their journal, Anesthesiology 2001; 95: 349-56, reported a study called, “Preoperative Intradermal Acupuncture Reduces Postoperative Pain, Nausea, and Vomiting, Analgesic Requirement, and Sympathoadrenal Rsponses.” In this study, patients were given acupuncture treatment along the spine the day before planned abdominal surgeries with epidural anesthesia. Not only did they not mention safety issues, but the authors said, “intradermal acupuncture is easy to use and requires no special training.”
It seems to me that receiving acupuncture treatments to jumpstart labor is not a problem for women who may want, or need, an epidural during birth, but it isn’t a bad idea to consider a few safety tips just in case.
- Interview the acupuncturist before treatment to ensure sterile technique is used and no infections have resulted from his/her treatments.
- After treatment, get a written note with contact information from the acupuncturist stating their practice methods, safety precautions, and experience. Include this note in your hospital bag to show to your anesthesiologist if needed.
- Bathe well before and after acupuncture treatment and birth to help minimize introduction of bacteria under your skin. Not necessary, but may help.
- Understand the signs and symptoms of infection, including meningitis, so you can receive treatment as quickly as possible should it occur.
Have you received an acupuncture treatment shortly before epidural anesthesia? Tell us about your experience!
If you have thought of dying while giving birth…
January 14, 2012You’re not alone. It’s that moment, near the very end, when the baby is just about to emerge, when women reach that point of balance between life and death; when it feels as though you are no longer part of his world, but hovering somewhere over it.
Many will say, “I just want to die!” It hurts, they’re tired, and they have very little concern remaining for earthly things.
Pam England, in her famous book, Birthing From Within, captured this timeless moment so well when she wrote:
“Why does this thought of dying come up in a healthy labor, often just before giving birth? The mounting intensity of labor forces complete surrender of our body and will, dissolving our egos, ideas, and familiar sense of self. We’re not afraid of dying because there is no “self” left to resist and fear. At that transcendent moment we have become birth itself. This is the spiritual birth of woman into mother.”
I have given birth three times, and have been revisiting Pam England’s book recently because my fourth baby is due in just a couple of months. I don’t remember wishing I could die in labor, but I do recall feeling as though I did not exist anymore, that there was no going back to the person I once was. That last bit of resistance was gone and birth consumed me. Motherhood transformed my body and spirit.
As a birth doula, other women have given me the sacred gift of witnessing their motherhood transformation. Each time, when their baby is upon their perineum, their eyes open wide, their expression is one of unbelief and then suddenly, the baby emerges and that brief moment of intense, other-worldly birthing is gone in an instant, its purpose fulfilled.
The fear of dying in birth is a common fear. One that, for some women, is overpowering prior to birth. That kind of fear is one that a woman should have support to address, but there is also the thought of death which occurs in birthing and seems not to be harmful, but to be a normal process of moving from one phase of womanhood to the next.
Have you experienced this?
Kelly’s Closet, a cloth diaper resource
January 7, 2012Are you interested in cloth-diapering your babe, but not sure where to start? At the local health fair I attended last fall I met a couple of women who run Kelly’s Closet.
Kelly’s closet is an excellent resource for parents looking for information on what they really need to start using cloth diapers, how to use them, and information on all the different types of diapers out there. They even showed me the latest style of potty training absorbant undies, in pretty rad colors of course!
Not only can you get 10% off your entire order of cloth diaper supplies by entering CHECKLIST at the checkout (and no, I’m not paid to say that), but they also have a blog and a Facebook page you can visit to connect with other parents and find additional resources.
I used cloth diapers and wipes with all three of my kids. It saved us a ton of money (and dump runs), and they were so cute!
For more info, visit www.kellyscloset.com.
Something to think about #33 ~ A Midwifery Today Collection
January 6, 2012Normally when I publish a STTA post, I include a single quote with reference and let it speak for itself, but because I don’t do them very often, my binder of thoughts to publish has been sitting on my shelf, growing older and older. So to start off the year I’m going to give you some of the quotes I have found most interesting from Midwifery Today from the past few years; things I don’t want to forget and that I think may benefit you. All of these quotes have come from the Midwifery Today free e-newsletter, which you can sign up for on their website here.
“I have helped quite a few patients, both male and female, through staph infections with a few drops of tea tree oil three times a day by mouth. It is the only thing I have found to be completely reliable.” ~ G.P.
“During horrible morning sickness extending into the seventh month of my last pregnancy, my wise midwife suggested an old folk remedy: add about 1tsp of apple cider vinegar to every 8oz of water and sip it throughout the day and night. The effects were miraculous!” ~ Anon
“The effects of pumping breastmilk following cesarean birth to increase milk supply when babies are not nursing well were studied in a randomized clinical trial at a Baby-Friendly hospital. The conclusion was that pumping before the onset of lactation does not appear to improve breastfeeding outcomes and may even interfere with outcomes.” ~ Pediatrics 2001; 107:e94
“I had very bad heartburn the eighth month of pregnancy, so bad I couldn’t sleep… Then I discovered fennel seed tea. A glass of fennel seed tea before bed would completely cure the heartburn.” ~ Anon
“To assess the role of diet in reducing the risk of premature delivery, a Norwegian study assigned 290 nonsmoking pregnant women… to either a cholesterol-lowering diet… or to their usual diet. Only one of the 141 women on the cholesterol-lowering diet delivered before 37 weeks gestation, compared with 11 of 149 on their usual diet.” ~ Amer J Obstet Gyn 194(4), October 2005
“A study ruled out breastfeeding as a means for mother-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Breastmilk samples and serum samples from 73 breastfeeding mothers with HCV were taken… All maternal serum was found positive for HCV antibodies; none of the breastmilk samples were confirmed positive for HCV RNA. Seventy-five of the infants tested negative with each test, and one tested positive for HCV RNA at 27 days old. It took three to 28 months for the infants to lose maternal antibodies.” ~ AFP, March 1, 2000.
“It seems more important, where the initiation of lactation is concerned, to contrast “cesarean during labor” with “scheduled cesarean”. Non labor cesareans seem to be associated with more breastfeeding difficulties… Researchers found that the beginning of lactation occurred earlier and the amount of milk produced was higher among owmen whose second cesarean was performed during labor, compared with women whose second cesarean was scheduled.” ~ Michel Odent, referencing Dogany, M., and F. Avsar (2002). Effects of labor time on secretion time and quantity of breastmilk. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 76 (2): 207-11.
“I found that when a woman has back labor, sitting on the toilet backward works wonders, especially in late first stage.” ~ Linda Thorpe, CNM
“A University ofNorth Carolina Chapel Hill study… found that pregnant women who worked a night shift at any time during their pregnancy had an increased risk of preterm birth compared with those who worked the same number of hours during the day… The study also concluded that women who spend more than 30 hours a week standing or those who perform heavy lifting at least 13 times per week are at no increased risk for preterm labor or small-for-gestational-age babies.” ~ Obstetrics & Gynecology, December 1, 2005
“Following are some factors associated with preterm birth… In a study of 3,000 primiparas, those who worked in “high-fatigue” jobs had a risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes of 7% compared with 2% for those who didn’t work outside the home… A woman with a low prepregnancy weight and/or a low rate of gain before 20 weeks is at high risk for preterm birth. Low levels of vitamin C [under 300mg daily] have been implicated for several decades as contributors to prematurity and preterm rupture of membranes… Low levels of vitamin C may also be implicated in the risk of preeclampsia, which leads to preterm birth.” ~ Gail Hart
“You can confirm that a baby has a short umbilical cord by observing the abdomen. During contractions, and sometimes without them, the baby appears engaged, even though a vaginal exam reveals that she is floating. It is important to avoid interventions that force the mother’s body to enter the birth process before the placenta and uterus are ready. The fundus has to descend with the baby. The process takes time. Contractions that cease despite dilation of 2 to 5cm in a mother with previous fast births and no other complications indicate the possible existence of a short cord. Observation without intervention is important in these cases.” ~ Unknown
“Women who have prodromal labor may have a “cold” body type. The application of heat can be very beneficial to the progress of their contractions. Warm water is always the best, or hot towels/blankets. Apply them to the laboring woman’s belly, hips, and soles of her feet. Soaking in a very warm tub (101-105 F) after dilation begins can bring on an amazing change. Also, the cottonroot bark tincture helps remedy a pokey labor.” ~ J
“[In] a University of Washington study… women who had maintained “very strenuous” usual exertion were 81% less likely to develop gestational diabetes compared with women who reported having minimal exercise. Women with moderate prenatal exercise habits reduced their risk of gestational diabetes by 59%. Reduced risk was found even in women who had exercised less than recommended levels.” ~ Epidemiology, Jan 2006
“Regarding posterior position, some babies turn, others don’t. The Pink Kit Method for birthing better (www.birthingbetter.com) gives us, pregnant women and our partners, the ways to relax our internal soft tissue and keep our pelvis mobile, particularly the sacrum.” ~ Alicia Hannen
“Uterine contractions produced by IV (oxytocin) are very different from natural contractions – possibly because it is administered continuously rather than in a pulsatile manner – and can cause detrimental effects to the baby in utero… Such effects can produce abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns, fetal distress (leading to cesarean section) and even uterine rupture. As well, oxytocin augmentation stimulates uterine contractions out of proportion to cervical dilation, compared to a natural labor: this increases the possibility of a “failed induction”, where a woman’s cervix fails to dilate and a cesarean becomes necessary.” ~ Sarah Buckley
Happy New Year everyone!
Greeting 2012
December 30, 2011A big thank you to all of my readers for coming back again and again and sharing your own thoughts! You are the ones who keep me writing, sharing about birthing options and all things baby-related.
It’s been a wild year for my family, and Birth a Miracle Services at the same time. I met my goal for this year of attending six births, bringing my total to 25. That might not seem like much, but with three kids ages five and under and another on the way, six births (and 25!) is a big accomplishment for me!
Among those births, two took place at a new hospital for me, and I am very excited to be attending births there. I never imagined myself saying this about a hospital, but if you are in the area, Mercy Hospital in Portland, Maine is an excellent place to give birth! It’s a bit of a travel for me, but I absolutely love the staff; they have been very supportive of my clients, including preferences that are hardly ever supported by hospitals, like skin-to-skin bonding with baby during a cesarean birth. I do hope to be back at Mercy this coming year!
Now that I have finished my unpaid advertising, I’ll also mention that 2011 has been an important year for me because I finally published my book, Inspired Birth through Amazon.com. Please support this blog by purchasing your copy here. Thank you!
Two sad things that happened this year were my realization that my midwifery studies needed to be put on hold when I discovered my fourth pregnancy (due in March 2012!) and Haley Grant leaving BAMS. If you remember, Haley Grant was the childbirth educator-in-training who joined me at Birth a Miracle Services, but due to health restrictions, we decided that it wasn’t the right timing for her to be committing herself to teaching classes. I hope that in time she will return because her values and experiences are really what I’m looking for in a team here.
Stats for 2002 through 2011 are now as follows:
- Total births attended: 25
- Vaginal: 16, Cesarean: 9
- Planned VBACs: 4, 2 successful
- Home births: 9, Hospital: 16
- Unmedicated: 13, Medicated: 12
- Water births: 3
- HypnoBabies: 2
I have received zero negative reviews, instead I usually hear something like, “thank you! thank you! thank you!” when I leave a new family after their birth. The moms do all the laboring of course, but a doula is such a tremendous blessing to a new family.
So what does 2012 look like for Birth a Miracle Services, keeping in mind I’m expecting my fourth baby? I hope to attend 2-4 births, but I’m going to have to figure something else out for on-call babysitting for my four kids! I also have hopes to host a booth at a local fair and develop my photography skills to offer as an additional service to my clients.
Now, I need your help! I do not anticipate being able to blog on a regular basis around and during my babymoon in March and April, so I am looking for moms and dads willing to write a guest post featuring one or more of their birth stories to be scheduled for publishing at that time. Would you consider sharing your story? Written posts, videos, and pictures are all welcome. If interested, please email me at kilbrethfamily@yahoo.com. Thank you!
Happy New Year everyone!
Posted by Naomi 





